Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have significantly transformed agricultural extension services in rural India, driving advancements in productivity, sustainability, and rural development. ICT tools, such as mobile applications, online portals, interactive voice response (IVR) systems, and precision agriculture technologies, have enabled farmers to access real-time, location-specific information, empowering them to make informed decisions. These tools enhance market efficiency, provide critical weather updates, improve resource utilization, and promote sustainable farming practices. ICTs bridge the knowledge gaps, facilitate capacity building, and empower marginalized groups, including women farmers. However, challenges such as digital literacy, limited access to smartphones, poor internet connectivity, and language barriers hinder the widespread adoption of ICT in rural areas. To overcome these barriers, strategies such as raising awareness, simplifying interfaces for illiterate and literate farmers, developing multilingual content, and strengthening internet infrastructure are crucial. At the same time it is right time to use many ICTs tools simultaneously to educate the farmers on recent know-howwith different formats for farm technology transfer. The role of ICT in rural India is marked by its ability to provide access to financial services, market linkages, and expert advice, which are key to improving the livelihoods of farmers. Despite these advances, many ICT projects remain in pilot phases, and there is a need for greater institutional support and policy formulation to institutionalize these technologies. Continued efforts to address the digital divide and ensure equitable access to ICT tools will further enhance the effectiveness of agricultural extension services, ultimately fostering sustainable agricultural practices in rural communities.

Keywords: Agriculture, e-chaupal, interactive voice response, mobile applications, web portals