The effectiveness of extension services and agricultural productivity both depend on expanding agricultural extension’s capability. The chapter looks at recent advancements in the capacity building of the agricultural extension sector, with a focus on the use of innovative technologies such as information and communication technology (ICT) and community-engaged participatory methodologies. The importance of offering comprehensive training, fostering organizational development, and adapting extension services to address emerging concerns like food security and climate change is emphasized. Important flaws in the frameworks already in place for capacity-building are highlighted in the review, including a lack of funding and a lack of training opportunities for extension staff. Capacity building initiatives include Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), district-level agriculture science centers that conduct on-farm trials, offer training based on need, and distribute required resources. It also encompasses initiatives for remote learning that offer state-of-the-art learning opportunities through e-learning platforms. Initiatives to improve capacity also include efforts to connect small producers with markets and diploma programs tailored to the needs of young people in rural areas. Since education and training provide farmers with current, relevant information on market trends, crop management, pest control, and best practices, they are essential to building agricultural capacity. In order to address these difficulties, this recommends future projects that prioritize comprehensive, context-specific strategies aimed at promoting stakeholder cooperation, increasing farmer involvement, and advancing sustainable farming practices. In order to improve agricultural extension capacity building and strengthen the resilience of rural communities, the report offers researchers, extension workers and policymakers’ useful recommendations.

Keywords: Capacity building, resilience, trends and future directions