Nanoparticles are reshaping cancer therapy by enabling drugs to reach tumors more precisely and with fewer side effects. This chapter outlines the main types of nanoparticles, including those from lipid-based, polymeric, ceramic, metallic, and carbon systems, as well as hybrid and biologically derived carriers, and explains how their structures support enhanced drug loading, stability, and targeting. key delivery mechanisms, including passive accumulation through the EPR effect and active targeting using ligands that recognize cancer-specific receptors. Emerging strategies such as tumor-responsive systems, multifunctional combination therapies, personalized nanomedicine, artificial intelligence-guided design, and theranostic platforms further highlight how nanotechnology is moving toward more effective, tailored cancer treatments. Together, these advances emphasize the growing potential of nanoparticle-based systems to improve therapeutic precision and patient outcomes.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, tumors, AI-guided design, nanotechnology, therapeutic precision