Biotechnology (bio = the use of biological processes, and technology = to solve problems or make useful products), in the recent years, has created unprecedented opportunities, not only for the manipulation of biological systems for the benefit of logical systems for the benefit of mankind but also for undertaking studies to understand the fundamental life processes. Consequently, it has become the world’s fastest growing and most rapidly changing technology.

I feel pleasure in presenting fourth enlarged edition of the book. New information keeps on expanding and enriching every sphere of knowledge. The primary motivation for preparing this text was our own need for organising a document on the subject that presents the current scenario of advancements in fundamental concepts and the perspectives of application.

1. Biotechnology: An Overview
   
2. DNA, Gene, Genome, Protein Synthesis and DNA Chip Technology
3. Applications of Genetic Engineering
4. Enzymes in Genetic Engineering (Nucleic Acid Enzymology)
5. Gene Cloning Vectors
6. Techniques for Genetic Engineering
7. Genetic Engineering Techniques
8. Expression of Induced Genes
9. Gene Silencing and Antisense Technology
10. Scope, Achievements and Hazards of Genetically Modified Crops
11. Eco-Social Impact of Genetically Modified Crops/Foods
12. Plant Tissue Culture: Principles and Methodology
13. Histological and Photographic Techniques for Plant Tissue Culture
14. Protoplast Technology
15. Micropropagation in Plants
16. Somaclonal and Gametoclonal Variant Selection
17. Gynogenesis and Crop Improvement
18. Synseeds or Synthetic Seeds
19. Animal Cell and Tissue Culture
20. Immunology, Serology and Vaccines
21. Animal Health Biotechnology
22. Applications of Animal Biotechnology
23. Transgenic Animal Technology
24. Biotechnology in Fisheries
25. Biotechnology and Transgenic Plants
26. Biotechnology and Forestry
27. Biotechnology of Biofertilizers Production
28. Enzyme based Industrial Biotechnology
29. Biotechnology: Production of Secondary Metabolites
30. Biotechnology Biomass Energy
31. Biotechnology Environmental Protection
32. Biosensors, Biochips, Biofilms and Biosurfactants
33. Biotechnology and Ethics
34. Bioinformatics